Thursday 16 December 2010

A raid on the inarticulate

For those of you who stayed behind today...here is the excerpt that I mentioned - and quoted badly from memory - from 'East Coker', the second of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets:
That was a way of putting it—not very satisfactory
A periphrastic study in a worn-out poetical fashion,
Leaving one still with the intolerable wrestle
With words and meanings.
'East Coker' was completed in or around 1940. It is a poem I return to again and again. Here is that quote about 'a raid on the inarticulate' in context. I think it is worth quoting this passage at length. The idea of 'the general mess of imprecision of feeling, / Undisciplined squads of emotion' seems to me to go straight back to Pound and Imagist theory (if not always Imagist practice).
So here I am, in the middle way, having had twenty years—
Twenty years largely wasted, the years of l'entre deux guerres*   Trying to learn to use words, and every attempt
Is a wholly new start, and a different kind of failure
Because one has only learnt to get the better of words
For the thing one no longer has to say, or the way in which
One is no longer disposed to say it. And so each venture
Is a new beginning, a raid on the inarticulate
With shabby equipment always deteriorating
In the general mess of imprecision of feeling,
Undisciplined squads of emotion. And what there is to conquer
By strength and submission, has already been discovered
Once or twice, or several times, by men whom one cannot hope
To emulate—but there is no competition—
There is only the fight to recover what has been lost
And found and lost again and again: and now, under conditions
That seem unpropitious. But perhaps neither gain nor loss.
For us, there is only the trying. The rest is not our business.
                          [* the two (world) wars]

Here is another, related passage, which comes a little earlier in the poem:
    You say I am repeating
Something I have said before. I shall say it again,
Shall I say it again? In order to arrive there,
To arrive where you are, to get from where you are not,
  You must go by a way wherein there is no ecstasy.
In order to arrive at what you do not know
  You must go by a way which is the way of ignorance.
In order to possess what you do not possess
  You must go by the way of dispossession.
In order to arrive at what you are not
  You must go through the way in which you are not.
And what you do not know is the only thing you know
And what you own is what you do not own
And where you are is where you are not.
At this point I should probably just send you to read the whole poem in all its weird glory. I'd be interested to know your thoughts.

2 comments:

  1. What eliot says about language, the failure of expression makes me think about Bergson ideas about our perception of the world. He describes the langage as a fence that moves away our comprehension of the singularity of things, humans, emotions.

    If I remember well it's at the end of his essay "Le Rire" about his aesthetic observations, he says that language labels things by their function giving the most comon sense, and it enables people to express proprely about their perception. And because we all have different perception, but only one common word to say it we are enable to express it's singularity, and it's even worth when it comes to the multiplicity and complexity of feelings.

    He says that even our perception of ourself is directed by the language we know, so we apply exterior symbols on our inner feelings and it results that we have a confused and unacurate perception.

    This quote of Eliot's poem seems really close to Bergson 's idea :
    "In the general mess of imprecision of feeling,
    Undisciplined squads of emotion."

    But then for Bergson the artist, the poet is the one who overcome the obstacle of language, and it doesn't seem to be really the case with Eliot
    who remains frustraded by this lack in expression.

    Is there any connection between Bergson and TS Eliot, or is it accurate to put a relation between them ?

    Constance

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  2. Thanks Constance!
    There are indeed highly significant connections between Bergson and Eliot. Once again, a key figure is Hulme. Hulme wrote that Bergson had invented a new, much better vocabulary for talking about poetic invention, and he preached Bergsonian ideas to Ezra Pound and Eliot. Eliot heard Bergson lecture in 1910 and even wrote an essay on his ideas. For more on Eliot's reading of Bergson, have a look here:

    http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=vzVdprr_q04C&printsec=frontcover&dq=bergson+Eliot&source=bl&ots=qhv6QbNAoU&sig=xM80uW1jEccWjFMnA9-Y5Mubkug&hl=tr&ei=mGsPTauAPYaW8QOBwPT9Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false


    Patrick

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